Sunday, May 13, 2012

First Impressions of the Brompton Bicycle

While touring around in Barcelona, Paris and London last month, I noticed quite a lot of people, especially in Barcelona and London, darting around the streets in odd looking bicycles. I had several opportunities to meet up with these fellow cyclists and ask them about their rides. All of them gushed effusively about them, especially in Barcelona, and were usually all-too-ready to show me how they folded up, typically in under 10 seconds. One fellow even folded and unfolded the bicycle while we were waiting for a traffic light on a segregated bicycle lane. While most also expressed interest in my folding bicycle, the Montague Paratrooper, clearly for city use a mountain bike is overkill. What can I say? I'm from British Columbia.

The Brompton is a classic hand-built English folding bicycle designed by Andrew Ritchey in the 1970’s and manufactured in West London, and is one of the most cleverly engineered bicycles I have ever ridden. While the diminutive 16” wheels give it a rather eccentric appearance, the all-important ride quality compares very favourably with a traditional road bike. Since the position of the handlebars, pedals and seat are exactly the same as on a conventional bicycle, it is really only by looking down while underway that the fact the wheels are smaller is even noticeable. The entire basis by which a bicycle remains upright is that a spinning wheel develops a gyroscopic tendency to remain vertical, thus the inertial forces developed are sufficient to overcome the size difference of the wheel once underway, and presto-chango, the design works brilliantly. While the bicycle does handle differently at low speeds, the steering being very responsive, I actually found this a really welcome change to the somewhat sluggish and heavy steering of the Montague. Considering the wider size of mountain bike tires and their lower pressure, and the fact that the fork has heavy suspension components attached to it, it is not surprising that the far greater inertial mass makes for heavier steering. Just to clarify, it is not any more heavy than any other mountain bike, it’s just that compared to the light-weight Brompton steering, it is a very different sensation. While darting around London, through narrow passages and traffic calmed pedestrian areas, the quick steering and narrow handlebars were a very welcome feature.



I purchased my Brompton from Fudge Cycles in London, who have a wide assortment of Bromptons in stock, and who can customize a bicycle in quick order. Mr. Fudge himself had just cycled in from lunch, and I noticed he was riding an 11 speed Brompton. Typically Bromptons are made to order much like a tailored suit: I want this colour with these features and options. Due to the wide range of colours, options and features which are available, thousands of combinations are possible. If you want the rear triangle and forks in one colour and the body in another, with fenders but without a rear rack it's no problem, it's all possible straight from the factory, made to order. Brompton also offers a "super light" titanium option which swaps out the front and rear end for titanium components, and thus saves about two pounds. However, this option almost doubles the cost of the bicycle, and in this respect I very much concur with Grant Petersen of Rivendell- within reason, how much a bicycle weighs is inconsequential compared to how much the rider weighs. In terms of gearing, however, the options are somewhat more limited. Brompton offers a single speed, a twin speed by way of a proprietary rear derailleur, a three speed by way of a Sturmey Archer rear hub, and six speed when combining the rear two speed derailleur with the three speed hub. This ends up requiring two gear shifters on the handle bars for only six gears and a 302% percent range.   This might well be adequate for bombing around London or Barcelona, but it is far from ideal when negotiating the savage mountains of British Columbia. I know from experience that spinning up Gaglardi Way to Simon Fraser University or up Cariboo Hill requires gears in the low to mid 20” range to maintain an efficient cadence.  There are other climbs of 1000 feet within relatively short distances that also make for tough slogging in too high a gear.   To their credit, Brompton does offer higher or lower overall gearing by way of bigger or smaller chain rings, but even still the overall range is the same, and if you opt for the lower 18% gearing, you're stuck with no top end for the flats. I tend to change gears often to maintain a constant cadence while the terrain varies, so six speeds, even if they are evenly spaced, is pretty minimalist. In any case the stock six speed setup is a rather antiquated arrangement from the golden age of British cycling and Sturmey-Archer three speed hubs, and times have changed. As Rohloff has pointed out, the efficiency of an internally geared hub is in practice better than much external gearing that is less than perfectly maintained, but most inefficient of all is a cyclist running the wrong gear for any given terrain.


Even with the relatively wide range, the large steps implied by only six speeds would be an issue on longer tours. For this reason, I opted for an "S" model fitted with Shimano’s brilliant Alfine 11 speed internal gear hub, which is not an option Brompton offers. This arrangement gives a range of 409%, from the mid 20’s to just over 100 gear inches, and is thus ideal for touring. Top gears much over 100” are only for high speed descents, and while touring it is inadvisable to take such descents at speed, since by definition the terrain is unfamiliar. It is best to glide down at a moderate speed and simply enjoy the ride without pedalling. Unlike conventional triple crank/ seven cog set-ups on mountain bikes, the 11 gears of the Alfine are well spaced and distinct. A typical 21 speed setup might only give 12 or 13 useful and different gear ratios due to overlap, duplication, and gear combinations which should never be used (such as the smallest front gear with the smallest rear gear, the largest with the largest, etc. due to chain flex), so the Alfine is very comparable to this arrangement, but a major bonus is that all the magic happens inside an oil-bathed hub and the chain always travels in a straight line, thus minimizing maintenance and potential for damage and greatly simplifying the overall setup. The other magical thing about hub gears is that they can be shifted while at a standstill, or even while pedalling backwards. The ability to change gears while stopped is a useful feature since I seem to perpetually find myself in the wrong speed after stopping at a light. Yes, I know, lack of forward thinking...

The original gear shifters on the Brompton point up and require you to flick your thumb up and down to change gears.  Having to shift the derailleur down and the three speed hub up in mid sprint did not impress me.  Furthermore, there is an annoying disphase with respect to how and when both systems actually shift; don't expect both to react simultaneously.  In practice, you shift one, wait for that gear to engage, then shift the other.  Needless to say, I tried it and didn’t like it.  While I have no doubt it is all very well engineered and the system rates high on the idiosyncrasy scale, in practice the setup is often referred to in cycling circles as "a cludge."  In contrast, the Shimano system allows fast gear shifts with one finger without changing the position of your hand on the grips and brakes, and all the gears click through sequentially. I found the Brompton shifters fiddly and somewhat flimsy feeling, and overall having to deal with two shifters to get only six widely-spaced gears is rather ridiculous.  In contrast, the push button rapid fire gear shifting of the Shimano is nothing short of fantastic; pushing one lever advances to the next gear, pushing the other decreases the gear. Both levers are two position, and pushing past the detente on each lever advances or reduces the hub by two speeds. An indicator on the handlebar points to the gear number as they're engaged. Ironically, this is a much simpler arrangement than Brompton's six speed set-up and almost doubles the gear options. As well, instead of four cables running off the handlebars, my bicycle only has three.  While 11 gears will certainly be heavier than 3 gears plus a derailleur, in actual fact the difference is very minimal, just over a pound once all the components are accounted for. The difference in how the bicycle performs however is night and day and well worth the extra expense.


The brakes on the bicycle are adequate; don't expect the type of stopping power associated with a disc brake setup, and expect the usual fade in wet weather.   A bigger concern might be what could happen after extended use of the brakes while descending long hills, or a long panic stop at speed.   The smaller rims will likely not dissipate heat as quickly as a larger wheel, so heat build-up could be a problem, though likely not an issue in Vancouver where the brakes will inevitably be steamed vs. fried.   I haven't cooked the brakes yet, but it's something to keep in mind while on tour, but it's nothing throwing an extra set of blocks into the travel bag won't solve.


A stock Brompton. Note position of gear shifters and abundance of cables.

In terms of colour I was torn between satin black and the raw lacquer look. I had pretty much decided to go with the raw lacquer finish until I actually saw it in person, then I wasn't as sure. I thought the overall look, especially in the rear triangle made it appear rather home-made, and I had further misgivings about how the finish would stand up in the almost continuous rain and 100% humidity of Vancouver during every season except summer (and even then...). Would moisture migrate under the lacquer and start rusting out the steel frame? The satin black bicycle, at least to my eye, gave the most elegant and understated look.

Packed up for a trans Atlantic flight
Once I arrived in Canada I further modified the bicycle by getting a slightly higher handlebar setup but used the original "S" type steering tube, which is the tallest of all the original stem. This arrangement ended up being only slightly higher than an "M" but lower than the new"H" - exactly perfect for me. 


Another lucky accident was that with the clever Brompton seat clip inverted, the stock seat post is exactly the right height for me at full extension. As well, I installed more ergonomically comfortable handlebar grips; for such a high-end bicycle, the stock foam grips are not in keeping with the quality of everything else.  I also switched the counter-intuitive British spec brake set-up (right hand activates the front brake) to the more usual configuration (right rear left front).



Finally, I fitted Brompfication's very excellent hinge plate set, which really should be standard issue on all Bromptons. Stock hinge plates are symmetrical such that you have to fiddle a bit to make sure they capture the two halves of the hinge. The Brompfication plates have one leg that is longer than the other, and a spring which pushes the plate out. Setting the hinge is just a one finger twist exercise, and probably reduces folding times by a second or two

My first excursion was around Hyde Park, and while I did use the bicycle extensively during my stay in London, the fact that I was mostly visiting museums and art galleries did not allow me time to do a thorough ride evaluation. In terms of personal urban transport, it is outstanding. One neat feature is that owning a Brompton immediately initiates you into the Brompton fraternity and every other owner I passed greeted or signaled me, which was actually quite nice. I have done a bit of reading on the Internet since then, and it almost seems that owning a Brompton is something like joining a cult; owners are very passionate about their bicycles and some even appear to be on a crusade to evangelize the cycling world. 

During my visit, the fact that the bicycle folds into a tiny little package (22”x23”x10”) and with a bit of practice in less than 10 seconds allowed unrestricted access to the Tubes and the red Double-Decker buses, as well as being easily checked into the cloak rooms of the National Gallery, the National Portrait Gallery, the British Museum, the Victoria and Albert, and under the table at countless restaurants. I even took it with me to see Eugene O’Neill’s play “Long Day’s Journey into Night” starring David Suchet which was playing in the theatre district.

Even if you exclude the very remarkable folding feature, the bicycle in and of itself is a good ride and takes only a little getting used to. Like any bicycle, it does have its own share of idiosyncrasies, not least of which is the left folding pedal. While it is a very nice piece of engineering, the hinge upon which it folds makes it stick out just enough that I keep catching the edge of my shoe on it. This is likely a non-issue while wearing hard soled leather shoes rather than rubber soled casuals, and it's something you adapt to eventually.

My first long distance ride in Vancouver was on my usual weekend ride, from Burnaby Lake down the Kensington bicycle path to the Adanac corridor to Science World, along the waterfront to Stanley Park, around the park to False Creek, and along the cycle route out to Spanish Banks. After having lunch in Greek town, I took the reverse route to Kingsway, and took the SkyTrain cycle path out to Burnaby for a total run of around 60 kms.

The Brompton was a pleasure to ride, and aside from having to initially adjust the seat a couple of times to get the optimum angle and setback, the ride went without incident. I suspect that in time I will probably swap out the stock plastic seat for a leather Brooks saddle which are very comfortable indeed. My Montague sports the B67 Select and is easily the most comfortable saddle I have ever owned.   I am somewhat torn in this respect because the Brompton seat is also well engineered and has ergonomic hand grips under the nose of the saddle which makes carrying a breeze.  As this element is bolted on, there is nothing preventing me from making a mold off of it and manufacturing such a grip for a  Brooks B17 should the need arise (and I find myself so bored that I think this a worthwhile thing to do).  Considering how little I carry it, however, this may be something of a non-issue.  The seat is comfortable enough for now, and until the plastic and foam degrade I'll likely keep it.  As an aside, I have seen several Brompton owners who opt for the Brooks saddle for a weight penalty of nearly half a pound, but order the titanium light weight package.  It strikes me as a bit of a contradiction, but there I go being logical again. Brooks does make a titanium version of the B17, but at almost double the price.  These ounces are very dear indeed.  I'm not a weight weeny and within reason could care less.   I'm 6'1 and 210 lbs, so missing a meal would pretty much make up for any weight lost through titanium.   

My second ride involved taking the SkyTrain to Science World, and then meeting someone for dinner in China Town. The bicycle fit very nicely under the table at Foo's Ho-ho; the trick is always to get a table for four. Since I am very fortunate to have a SkyTrain station just over a kilometer away, I intend to utilize transit more and more, as traffic is getting insufferable downtown, and parking is terrible. The fact that the SkyTrain system is automated is another advantage since it avoids having to interact with idiot attendants who might not be aware of the bicycle’s folding characteristics. The technique I learned by observing other owners using the Tubes in London is to keep the bike unfolded for as long as possible so that it does not have to be carried around. Attendants there are well familiar with this bicycle and allow them to trundle through unmolested. Even still, normal bicycles are not allowed on the escalators of SkyTrain, (unlike Barcelona, where they are) so typically regular cyclists need to take the stairs, or the elevators when available. This is a stupid policy since gripping either brake lever as the bicycle goes up the escalator locks the bicycle in place.   No doubt some bureaucrat or lawyer somewhere was having a bad day and decided cyclists should carry their bikes up the stairs because they could potentially roll down and KILL SOMEONE!   Needless to say people like this should get a life and this obsession with litigation will inevitably make living here rather dull.   Fortunately, the Brompton folds so small that it can be taken on an escalator and even allow people to walk on the left, though technically I'm breaking THE LAW and some lawyer somewhere is cringing.  "So little of what could happen does happen" said Salvador Dali. 

While it does carry very much like a briefcase, the horn of the seat doubling as a well-balanced handle, rolling it up to the train and then folding it up at the last possible moment is the more elegant solution. Another possibility is to fold everything except the handlebar, and use the small roller wheels at the back to roll the bicycle around like a piece of luggage.

While bicycles are technically allowed on SkyTrain, they are only allowed during certain hours and only two per compartment. The Brompton again dispenses with this limitation (except in the eyes of the aforementioned lawyers and bureaucrats) by quickly folding into a very small, unobtrusive package so that even on a crowded train the bicycle does not get in the way. There is an overall cloth cover that lives in a bag and attaches to the back seat which is useful when walking into hotels, or high-end establishments. Some places might object to admitting any bicycle, even one that folds such that the greasy chain is in the center and not outside of the bicycle, so I zip the cover over the bicycle and it becomes a non-issue. Bike? What bike?

People routinely use these in Europe for multi-modal transport; where a train, bus, taxi, boat or even a plane are part of the trip. The bicycle is small enough to fit in the overhead compartment of a plane, but I would have grave reservations about storing a metal object with hard edges in a bin that could potentially open and fall on my head. Typically gate checking the bicycle is the more usual approach, and it is put in the same hold as strollers and wheelchairs. As a musician I'm used to gate-checking instruments and domestically, on such airlines as WestJet it's a very seamless process.

While the Brompton is not a mountain bike and must be handled just as one would a regular road bike, certain tricks are easily within the bicycle’s capabilities, such as doing short bunny hops onto or off of curbs. The bicycle handles normally on fine gravel paths, such as those which make up the cycle trails in North Burnaby, but it is not designed to cover technical paths, or stairs, which I routinely do on the Montague. Really the only disadvantage to the smaller wheels is that large irregularities such as pot holes and grills are more of a concern than on a mountain bike, though again, these are also significantly more dangerous on a road bike so there is likely little difference. The smaller wheels do have the welcome characteristic of accelerating faster, which makes hill-climbing a bit easier, though they do lose momentum quicker. Considering the non-competitive nature of my typical cycling excursions, loss of momentum is irrelevant; I tend to spin up hills in low gears and I could care less how fast or slow this ends up being. I rarely hike out of the saddle to climb hills. Brompton makes their own proprietary tires, and I’m currently running the Kevlar-lined model. My favourite tire that I run on all my touring bikes is the bullet-proof Schwalbe Marathon, and this is available in Brompton size, though it runs at a slightly lower pressure and has greater rolling resistance.

Overall, I am very pleased with the Brompton, and the relatively minor modifications which I made to outfit this bike to suit me used off-the-shelf components, so except for the simplified and expanded choice of gears by way of a custom laced rear wheel it's all pretty much DIY. I look forward to taking it on my next cycling tour which will likely be a round-the-world adventure. I intend on crossing the US, mostly by train, visiting many cities and exploring extensively, taking a boat to London from New York, a train across Europe to Venice, cycling through Italy to Brindisi, boating across to Patras, linking up from Istanbul across the Black Sea to Russia with the Trans Siberian Railway from Moscow, through Mongolia to Peking, then to Japan, and then taking a boat back to North America. Rather than going around the world on a bicycle it will be more like going around the world with a bicycle. Train travel is the most civilized form of transportation ever devised, and this bicycle is a perfect complement to that. It's ideally suited to people who like to take things at a slower pace and enjoy the immediacy of actually being in a place rather than driving through it. Having your own bicycle when exploring a city is a tremendous luxury, and not having to worry about getting it stolen is also very liberating.

The Brompton has the further advantage that the company makes their own line of proprietary luggage for just such extended excursions, as do various other companies, including the venerable Carradice of Nelson, who make a very nice traditional British touring bag out of waxed canvas and leather.  I have one of these on order.   Rather than panniers, which I never use, Brompton have adopted my preferred option, which is a large bag, similar to a 19th century valise, which clips directly onto the frame, thus not interfering with the steering, and distributing the weight on the bicycle evenly. On my last 1000km tour of the Via de la Plata in Spain I took along Rivendell's very excellent Sackville saddlebag, which at 23 litres is just right for credit card touring in Europe. Used with the Nitto hanger, the bag also converts into a valise. I'm not sure that I would use this setup on the Brompton, however, since it would put unnecessary diagonal stress on the seat post, and in any case the geometry of the Brompton is such that adding weight to the front actually improves the ride. In this respect, my collection of saddle bags is useless on this bike, due to the very long seat tube and the forces involved; down is good, sideways is bad.


In short, if one is considering doing a cycling tour using various other forms of transportation over developed roads where the typical ride is less than 100 kms a day, the Brompton is a very good choice and well suited to the task.













12 comments:

Anonymous said...

Great reading about your B, congrats. Could you tell us more about the stem/handlebar mods you describe? Are we talking S stem and M bars? Is it possible to fold that quick and easy (and roll the bike w no problems) with that setup? I thought there would be problems folding it.

Joaquin Ayala said...

The stem is an S, but the bars are not M. As you point out, the M bars would end up being too tall, so it wouldn't fold correctly. With the S stem I installed handlebars off a BMX bicycle which cost $12 at my local bicycle shop. These are considerably stronger than the M bar which is rather flimsy. Brompton actually recommends replacing the stock bars every 5000 miles. The BMX bars are a lot beefier and the curves are not as extreme, thus a lot more rigid. Also, they come in anodized black which matches the bike. There are various sizes available, and I purchased ones that maxed out the height once folded. Unfortunately once I added the new grips these ended up hitting the ground and overlapping the fold, so I had to cut 3/4" off the ends. The bicycle folds conventionally, and I have been timed at under 10 seconds, and no doubt I'll improve over time. My fold routine still has the stem slamming down last, and this causes the small bell on the handlebars to ring. I love that!

Anonymous said...

Thanks for the excellent review. I thinking about ordering a Brompton with the S bars, but I'm hesitating, as I was told that the Brompton S bag is the only bag that can be used with those bars. I realize you get additional height with the MTB riser bars, but are you able to fit the Carradice bag with your set-up? Thanks!

Joaquin Ayala said...

Hello anon:

Technically, yes, the S bar does limit which bag you can use. While I have heard rumors that the Carradice City Folder will fit, just, I'm not certain. The problem is not so much the handlebar itself as much as the brake levers. My modification involves retaining the stock S stem, which is quite tall, taller than the M stem in fact, but using an after-market handlebar. It's not quite as tall as the M handlebar, but because I'm starting out with a taller stem, the result is more or less the same. I'm a few mm higher than the stock M height, but it's insignificant. More important is that the fold remains unaffected. The only difference is that the new ergonomic grips makes the folded width marginally wider, but it's inconsequential. I have a Carradice bag on it now, and there is lots of room between the top of the bag and the bottom of the brake levers. In my brief ownership experience I have noticed that Brompton owners are almost cult-like in their zeal. I encourage you to "tinker" and make the bike perfect for you, rather than adopt yourself to the bike.

Anonymous said...

Did you have to change the cables when you added the riser bars to the S type stem? If so, what cables did you use? I am doing the same thing and I have purchased the M type brake and gear cables for their additional length.

Anonymous said...

Great article, any issues with the hub after having it for a while? I'm thinking of the same mod. Thanks.

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Anonymous said...

Hello fellow Vancouverite! Great review of the B! I'm 5'9 and 190lbs and I am considering getting a used B on ebay which has an s stem but plan on replacing it like you did with the bmx handle bars. I like to be more upright when I ride and I am hoping I can use the large folding basket or some other large bag (basically for my biking clothes or my work clothes).

Were the cables long enough or did you have to mod this as well? Also, out of curiosity which LBS did you go to for the bmx handle bars?

Simon Ng said...

Hello fellow Vancouverite. Great review of the B! I'm 5'9 and 190lbs and I am considering getting a used B on ebay which has an s stem but plan on replacing it like you did with the bmx handle bars. I like to be more upright when I ride but I also want to use the folding bag to carry my change of clothes (work or biking clothes).

Were the cables long enough or did you have to mod the cables as well? Out of curiosity, which LBS did you go to for the bmx handle bars? Thanks!

Joaquin Ayala said...

Hello Simon:

I purchased the handlebar at a very funky bicycle shop at Main and 17th. It is some sort of anarchy-syndicalist sort of collective (I think), but brilliant selection of new and used unusual parts and I just like the vibe. Yes, the cables did have to be lengthened, and I entrusted this part of the job to the crew at Dream Cycles on Commercial drive, who do excellent work and put up with all my wacky projects. The hub gears have been performing well, and aside from the oil change, there have been no issues. You will find that with the change in handlebars and grips, you will have to fiddle a bit with both elements so that the folding is not compromised, i.e.: what might be optimal for ride comfort might not be so optimal to keep the fold size down. I played around with it and fortuitously for me, the optimum riding set up was also a non issue for the fold. Just something to keep in mind, but I'm an inveterate tinkerer, so love optimizing things...